Experimental demonstration of efficient high-dimensional quantum gates with orbital angular momentum

Abstract Quantum gates are essential for the realization of quantum computer and have been implemented in various types two-level systems. However, high-dimensional rarely investigated both theoretically experimentally even that systems exhibit remarkable advantages over some information computing tasks. Here we demonstrate four-dimensional X gate its unique higher orders with average conversion efficiency 93%. All these based on orbital-angular-momentum degree freedom (DoF) single photons. Besides, a set controlled is by use polarization DoF. Our work an important step toward goal achieving arbitrary circuit paves way implementation communication computation.